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Nixon Doctrine
The Nixon Doctrine (also known as the Guam Doctrine) was put forth during a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by U.S. President Richard Nixon and later formalized in his speech on Vietnamization on November 3, 1969.〔http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/4106/the-nixon-doctrine-in-the-21st-century〕 According to Gregg Brazinsky,〔Gregg Brazinsky, author of "Nation Building in South Korea: Koreans, Americans, and the Making of a Democracy"〕 Nixon stated that "the United States would assist in the defense and developments of allies and friends," but would not "undertake all the defense of the free nations of the world." This doctrine meant that each ally nation was in charge of its own security in general, but the United States would act as a nuclear umbrella when requested. The Doctrine argued for the pursuit of peace through a partnership with American allies. The Nixon Doctrine implied the intentions of Richard Nixon shifting the direction on international policies in Asia, especially aiming for "Vietnamization of the Vietnam War."
==Background==
When Richard Nixon became the President of the United States in 1969, the US had been engaged in combat in Vietnam for almost four years. It had so far resulted in the loss of more than 30,000 American and countless Vietnamese lives. By 1969 US public opinion had moved decisively in favour of an end to the Vietnam War;〔http://people-press.org/commentary/?analysisid=57〕 A Gallup poll in May showed 56% of the public believed sending troops to Vietnam was a mistake. Of those over 50 years old, 61% expressed that belief, compared to 49% of those between 21 and 29 years old, even if tacit abandonment of the SEATO Treaty was ultimately required, resulting in a complete communist takeover of South Vietnam despite previous US guarantees.〔Todd, Olivier. ''Cruel April: The Fall of Saigon''. W.W. Norton & Company, 1990. (originally published in 1987 in French)〕 Because Nixon campaigned for "Peace with Honor" in relation to Vietnam during the 1968 presidential campaign ending the Vietnam War became an important policy goal for Nixon.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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